The experiences, Test cases, views, and opinions etc expressed in this website are my own and does not reflect the views or opinions of my employer. This site is independent of and does not represent Oracle Corporation in any way. Oracle does not officially sponsor, approve, or endorse this site or its content.Product and company names mentioned in this website may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
Oracle Database Express Edition (XE) is a community supported edition of the Oracle Database family. It can be Installed in Linux, Windows, Dockers, and Virtual Machine as well.
Oracle Database Express Edition does not restrict in which environment it can be deployed. However, Oracle Database Express Edition is not supported and does not receive any patches, including security patches.
Oracle Database XE supports up to:
2 CPUs for foreground processes
2GB of RAM (SGA and PGA combined)
12GB of user data on disk (irrespective of compression factor)
wget https://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/otn_software/db-express/oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm
--2022-12-22 06:35:24-- https://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/otn_software/db-express/oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm
Resolving download.oracle.com (download.oracle.com)... 23.216.84.89
Connecting to download.oracle.com (download.oracle.com)|23.216.84.89|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily
Location: https://edelivery.oracle.com/otn-pub/otn_software/db-express/oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm [following]
--2022-12-22 06:35:24-- https://edelivery.oracle.com/otn-pub/otn_software/db-express/oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm
Resolving edelivery.oracle.com (edelivery.oracle.com)... 23.218.130.184, 2600:1408:9000:690::366, 2600:1408:9000:684::366
Connecting to edelivery.oracle.com (edelivery.oracle.com)|23.218.130.184|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily
Location: https://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/otn_software/db-express/oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm?AuthParam=1671709045_2ea5c9ceb6bfd5f59e6722739e5109ef [following]
--2022-12-22 06:35:25-- https://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/otn_software/db-express/oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm?AuthParam=1671709045_2ea5c9ceb6bfd5f59e6722739e5109ef
Connecting to download.oracle.com (download.oracle.com)|23.216.84.89|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2339651768 (2.2G) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm’
oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm 54%[=========================================================================> ] 1.18G 2.14MB/s eta 2m 41s
oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm 67%[===========================================================================================> ] 1.47G 2.80MB/s eta 2m 27s
oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm 80%[=============================================================================================================> ] 1.76G 2.85MB/s eta 98s
oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm 80%[=============================================================================================================> ] 1.76G 2.76MB/s eta 98s
oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm 100%[========================================================================================================================================>] 2.18G 6.60MB/s in 8m 57s
2022-12-22 06:44:22 (4.16 MB/s) - ‘oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm’ saved [2339651768/2339651768]
Downloading PreInstall RPM
curl -o oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/appstream/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 30772 100 30772 0 0 132k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 132k
dnf -y localinstall oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm
Last metadata expiration check: 3:43:34 ago on Thu 22 Dec 2022 03:25:41 AM EST.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-database-xe-21c x86_64 1.0-1 @commandline 2.2 G
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 2.2 G
Installed size: 5.8 G
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
Installing : oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.
To configure Oracle Database XE, optionally modify the parameters in '/etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-21c.conf' and then execute '/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-21c configure' as root.
Verifying : oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.x86_64
Complete!
This Completes the Required RPM and Database Installation
Configuring the Database
# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe-21c configure
Oracle Net Listener configured.
Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
Confirm the password:
Configuring Oracle Listener.
Listener configuration succeeded.
Configuring Oracle Database XE.
Enter SYS user password:
************
Enter SYSTEM user password:
**************
Enter PDBADMIN User Password:
**************
[WARNING] [INS-08109] Unexpected error occurred while validating inputs at state 'DBCreationOptions'.
CAUSE: No additional information available.
ACTION: Contact Oracle Support Services or refer to the software manual.
SUMMARY:
- java.lang.NullPointerException
Database configuration failed. Check logs under '/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca'.
Set the CV_ASSUME_DISTID variable as its coming as NULL, to proceed further.
export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL8.4
# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe-21c configure
Oracle Net Listener configured.
Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
Confirm the password:
Configuring Oracle Listener.
Listener configuration succeeded.
Configuring Oracle Database XE.
Enter SYS user password:
*************
Enter SYSTEM user password:
*************
Enter PDBADMIN User Password:
************
Prepare for db operation
7% complete
Copying database files
29% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
30% complete
33% complete
37% complete
40% complete
43% complete
Completing Database Creation
47% complete
50% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
54% complete
71% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
93% complete
Running Custom Scripts
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/XE.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:XE
System Identifier(SID):XE
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/XE/XE.log" for further details.
Connect to Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:
Pluggable database: masked_FQDN:1523/XEPDB1
Multitenant container database: masked_FQDN:1523
Use https://localhost:5500/em to access Oracle Enterprise Manager for Oracle Database XE
This Completes the Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Installation on Oracle Linux 9
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Dec 22 08:03:44 2022
Version 21.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0
Install MySQL Server by running apt install mysql-server
root@osboxes:~# apt install mysql-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libaio1 libevent-core-2.1-6 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7 mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-server-5.7 mysql-server-core-5.7
Suggested packages:
libipc-sharedcache-perl mailx tinyca
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libaio1 libevent-core-2.1-6 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7 mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.7 mysql-server-core-5.7
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 259 not upgraded.
Need to get 19.5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 155 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 mysql-common all 5.8+1.0.4 [7,308 B]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libaio1 amd64 0.3.110-5ubuntu0.1 [6,476 B]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [6,755 kB]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-5.7 amd64 5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [2,028 kB]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [7,542 kB]
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libevent-core-2.1-6 amd64 2.1.8-stable-4build1 [85.9 kB]
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-5.7 amd64 5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [3,006 kB]
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libhtml-template-perl all 2.97-1 [59.0 kB]
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mysql-server all 5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [9,944 B]
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.
(Reading database ... 132259 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-mysql-common_5.8+1.0.4_all.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-common (5.8+1.0.4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libaio1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../1-libaio1_0.3.110-5ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-5ubuntu0.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-core-5.7.
Preparing to unpack .../2-mysql-client-core-5.7_5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-5.7.
Preparing to unpack .../3-mysql-client-5.7_5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-core-5.7.
Preparing to unpack .../4-mysql-server-core-5.7_5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libevent-core-2.1-6:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../5-libevent-core-2.1-6_2.1.8-stable-4build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libevent-core-2.1-6:amd64 (2.1.8-stable-4build1) ...
Setting up mysql-common (5.8+1.0.4) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-5.7.
(Reading database ... 132427 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-5.7_5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhtml-template-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../libhtml-template-perl_2.97-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhtml-template-perl (2.97-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server_5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Setting up libevent-core-2.1-6:amd64 (2.1.8-stable-4build1) ...
Setting up libhtml-template-perl (2.97-1) ...
Setting up libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-5ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
Setting up mysql-server (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...#####################################################################################################################################################################...............]
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1.4) ...##############################################################################################################################################################################.....]
Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.52) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-21) ...
Check the MySQL Service Status using systemctl status/start/enable
root@osboxes:~# systemctl start mysql.service
root@osboxes:~# systemctl status mysql.service
● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-30 09:25:22 EDT; 4min 28s ago
Main PID: 3072 (mysqld)
Tasks: 27 (limit: 4915)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
└─3072 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Oct 30 09:25:20 osboxes systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server...
Oct 30 09:25:22 osboxes systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.
root@osboxes:~# systemctl enable mysql.service
Synchronizing state of mysql.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable mysql
Step 3:
mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security
This program enables you to improve the security of your MySQL installation in the following ways:
You can set a password for root accounts.
You can remove root accounts that are accessible from outside the local host.
You can remove anonymous-user accounts.
You can remove the test database (which by default can be accessed by all users, even anonymous users), and privileges that permit anyone to access databases with names that start with test_.
root@osboxes:~# mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Connecting to MySQL using a blank password.
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y
There are three levels of password validation policy:
LOW Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file
Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2
Please set the password for root here.
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
All done!
This step Completes the Installation Part. You can now login and verify.
root@osboxes:~# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+-------------------------+
| version() |
+-------------------------+
| 5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "%version%";
+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| innodb_version | 5.7.40 |
| protocol_version | 10 |
| slave_type_conversions | |
| tls_version | TLSv1,TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2 |
| version | 5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 |
| version_comment | (Ubuntu) |
| version_compile_machine | x86_64 |
| version_compile_os | Linux |
+-------------------------+-------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> create database sriram;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use sriram;
Database changed
mysql> create table sriram_table (id int, name varchar(200));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (3.82 sec)
mysql> insert into sriram_table values(1,'Sriram');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.41 sec)
mysql> insert into sriram_table values(2,'Sriram2');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> insert into sriram_table values(3,'Sriram3');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.41 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> select * from sriram_table;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 1 | Sriram |
| 2 | Sriram2 |
| 3 | Sriram3 |
+------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.11 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
Upgrade Paths
Upgrade from MySQL 5.7 to 8.0 is supported. However, upgrade is only supported between General Availability (GA) releases. For MySQL 8.0, it is required that you upgrade from a MySQL 5.7 GA release (5.7.9 or higher). Upgrades from non-GA releases of MySQL 5.7 are not supported.
Upgrading to the latest release is recommended before upgrading to the next version. For example, upgrade to the latest MySQL 5.7 release before upgrading to MySQL 8.0.
Upgrade that skips versions is not supported. For example, upgrading directly from MySQL 5.6 to 8.0 is not supported.
Once a release series reaches General Availability (GA) status, upgrade within the release series (from one GA version to another GA version) is supported. For example, upgrading from MySQL 8.0.x to 8.0.y is supported. (Upgrade involving development-status non-GA releases is not supported.) Skipping a release is also supported. For example, upgrading from MySQL 8.0.x to 8.0.z is supported. MySQL 8.0.11 is the first GA status release within the MySQL 8.0 release series.
Run update and upgrade to get the latest Package information and also all the Other Packages to be updated. This Step Takes a while.
Run apt-get install mysql-server to Install the Latest Version
root@osboxes:~# apt-get install mysql-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
libevent-core-2.1-6
Use 'apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following additional packages will be installed:
libmecab2 mecab-ipadic mecab-ipadic-utf8 mecab-utils mysql-client mysql-common mysql-community-client mysql-community-client-core mysql-community-client-plugins mysql-community-server mysql-community-server-core
The following packages will be REMOVED:
mysql-client-5.7 mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-server-5.7 mysql-server-core-5.7
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libmecab2 mecab-ipadic mecab-ipadic-utf8 mecab-utils mysql-client mysql-community-client mysql-community-client-core mysql-community-client-plugins mysql-community-server mysql-community-server-core
The following packages will be upgraded:
mysql-common mysql-server
2 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 4 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Need to get 48.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 202 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu bionic/mysql-8.0 amd64 mysql-server amd64 8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04 [68.3 kB]
Get:2 http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu bionic/mysql-8.0 amd64 mysql-common amd64 8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04 [72.4 kB]
Get:3 http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu bionic/mysql-8.0 amd64 mysql-community-client-plugins amd64 8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04 [1,268 kB]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libmecab2 amd64 0.996-5 [257 kB]
Get:5 http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu bionic/mysql-8.0 amd64 mysql-community-client-core amd64 8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04 [1,938 kB]
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 mecab-utils amd64 0.996-5 [4,856 B]
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 mecab-ipadic all 2.7.0-20070801+main-1 [12.1 MB]
Get:8 http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu bionic/mysql-8.0 amd64 mysql-community-client amd64 8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04 [3,564 kB]
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 mecab-ipadic-utf8 all 2.7.0-20070801+main-1 [3,522 B]
Get:10 http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu bionic/mysql-8.0 amd64 mysql-client amd64 8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04 [68.3 kB]
Get:11 http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu bionic/mysql-8.0 amd64 mysql-community-server-core amd64 8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04 [28.8 MB]
Get:12 http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu bionic/mysql-8.0 amd64 mysql-community-server amd64 8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04 [79.5 kB]
Fetched 48.3 MB in 1min 8s (713 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 132608 files and directories currently installed.)
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Unpacking mysql-server (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) over (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
(Reading database ... 132609 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Removing mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Removing mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Removing mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.40-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
(Reading database ... 132395 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-mysql-common_8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-common (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) over (5.8+1.0.4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-client-plugins.
Preparing to unpack .../01-mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-client-plugins (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-client-core.
Preparing to unpack .../02-mysql-community-client-core_8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-client-core (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-client.
Preparing to unpack .../03-mysql-community-client_8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-client (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
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Unpacking libmecab2:amd64 (0.996-5) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-server-core.
Preparing to unpack .../06-mysql-community-server-core_8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-server-core (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-server.
Preparing to unpack .../07-mysql-community-server_8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-server (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mecab-utils.
Preparing to unpack .../08-mecab-utils_0.996-5_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mecab-utils (0.996-5) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mecab-ipadic.
Preparing to unpack .../09-mecab-ipadic_2.7.0-20070801+main-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking mecab-ipadic (2.7.0-20070801+main-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mecab-ipadic-utf8.
Preparing to unpack .../10-mecab-ipadic-utf8_2.7.0-20070801+main-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking mecab-ipadic-utf8 (2.7.0-20070801+main-1) ...
Setting up mysql-common (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback ...
Setting up libmecab2:amd64 (0.996-5) ...
Setting up mysql-community-client-plugins (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Setting up mysql-community-server-core (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Setting up mecab-utils (0.996-5) ...
Setting up mecab-ipadic (2.7.0-20070801+main-1) ...
Compiling IPA dictionary for Mecab. This takes long time...
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/unk.def ... 40
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
/usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/model.def is not found. skipped.
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Prefix.csv ... 221
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adverb.csv ... 3032
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.demonst.csv ... 120
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Symbol.csv ... 208
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Others.csv ... 2
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.verbal.csv ... 12146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adverbal.csv ... 795
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adj.csv ... 27210
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.nai.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.name.csv ... 34202
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp.csv ... 146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Suffix.csv ... 1393
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Conjunction.csv ... 171
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp-col.csv ... 91
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.others.csv ... 151
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Verb.csv ... 130750
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Interjection.csv ... 252
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.csv ... 60477
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.proper.csv ... 27327
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Filler.csv ... 19
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.number.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adnominal.csv ... 135
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.place.csv ... 72999
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Auxil.csv ... 199
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adjv.csv ... 3328
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.org.csv ... 16668
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/matrix.def ... 1316x1316
emitting matrix : 100% |###########################################|
done!
update-alternatives: using /var/lib/mecab/dic/ipadic to provide /var/lib/mecab/dic/debian (mecab-dictionary) in auto mode
Setting up mysql-community-client-core (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Setting up mecab-ipadic-utf8 (2.7.0-20070801+main-1) ...
Compiling IPA dictionary for Mecab. This takes long time...
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/unk.def ... 40
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
/usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/model.def is not found. skipped.
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Prefix.csv ... 221
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adverb.csv ... 3032
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.demonst.csv ... 120
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Symbol.csv ... 208
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Others.csv ... 2
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.verbal.csv ... 12146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adverbal.csv ... 795
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adj.csv ... 27210
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.nai.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.name.csv ... 34202
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp.csv ... 146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Suffix.csv ... 1393
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Conjunction.csv ... 171
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp-col.csv ... 91
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.others.csv ... 151
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Verb.csv ... 130750
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Interjection.csv ... 252
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.csv ... 60477
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.proper.csv ... 27327
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Filler.csv ... 19
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.number.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adnominal.csv ... 135
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.place.csv ... 72999
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Auxil.csv ... 199
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adjv.csv ... 3328
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.org.csv ... 16668
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/matrix.def ... 1316x1316
emitting matrix : 100% |###########################################|
done!
update-alternatives: using /var/lib/mecab/dic/ipadic-utf8 to provide /var/lib/mecab/dic/debian (mecab-dictionary) in auto mode
Setting up mysql-community-client (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Setting up mysql-client (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Setting up mysql-community-server (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Setting up mysql-server (8.0.31-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1.6) ...
With the Above, the Actual Upgrade has been completed and you can now verify the Version Number and your data compatibilities as below.
root@osboxes:~# mysql -v
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.31 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Reading history-file /root/.mysql_history
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit
Writing history-file /root/.mysql_history
Bye
root@osboxes:~# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 8.0.31 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sriram |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> use sriram;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_sriram |
+------------------+
| sriram_table |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from sriram_table;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 1 | Sriram |
| 2 | Sriram2 |
| 3 | Sriram3 |
+------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
you can also use mysqlcheck for the Incompatibilities, (The mysql_upgrade is now deprecated with this version)
root@osboxes:~# mysqlcheck --user=root -p --all-databases
Enter password:
mysql.columns_priv OK
mysql.component OK
mysql.db OK
mysql.default_roles OK
mysql.engine_cost OK
mysql.func OK
mysql.general_log OK
mysql.global_grants OK
mysql.gtid_executed OK
mysql.help_category OK
mysql.help_keyword OK
mysql.help_relation OK
mysql.help_topic OK
mysql.innodb_index_stats OK
mysql.innodb_table_stats OK
mysql.ndb_binlog_index OK
mysql.password_history OK
mysql.plugin OK
mysql.procs_priv OK
mysql.proxies_priv OK
mysql.replication_asynchronous_connection_failover OK
mysql.replication_asynchronous_connection_failover_managed OK
mysql.replication_group_configuration_version OK
mysql.replication_group_member_actions OK
mysql.role_edges OK
mysql.server_cost OK
mysql.servers OK
mysql.slave_master_info OK
mysql.slave_relay_log_info OK
mysql.slave_worker_info OK
mysql.slow_log OK
mysql.tables_priv OK
mysql.time_zone OK
mysql.time_zone_leap_second OK
mysql.time_zone_name OK
mysql.time_zone_transition OK
mysql.time_zone_transition_type OK
mysql.user OK
sriram.sriram_table OK
sys.sys_config OK
root@osboxes:~# mysqlcheck --user=root -p --all-databases --check-upgrade
Enter password:
mysql.columns_priv Table is already up to date
mysql.component Table is already up to date
mysql.db Table is already up to date
mysql.default_roles Table is already up to date
mysql.engine_cost Table is already up to date
mysql.func Table is already up to date
mysql.general_log Table is already up to date
mysql.global_grants Table is already up to date
mysql.gtid_executed Table is already up to date
mysql.help_category Table is already up to date
mysql.help_keyword Table is already up to date
mysql.help_relation Table is already up to date
mysql.help_topic Table is already up to date
mysql.innodb_index_stats Table is already up to date
mysql.innodb_table_stats Table is already up to date
mysql.ndb_binlog_index Table is already up to date
mysql.password_history Table is already up to date
mysql.plugin Table is already up to date
mysql.procs_priv Table is already up to date
mysql.proxies_priv Table is already up to date
mysql.replication_asynchronous_connection_failover Table is already up to date
mysql.replication_asynchronous_connection_failover_managed Table is already up to date
mysql.replication_group_configuration_version Table is already up to date
mysql.replication_group_member_actions Table is already up to date
mysql.role_edges Table is already up to date
mysql.server_cost Table is already up to date
mysql.servers Table is already up to date
mysql.slave_master_info Table is already up to date
mysql.slave_relay_log_info Table is already up to date
mysql.slave_worker_info Table is already up to date
mysql.slow_log Table is already up to date
mysql.tables_priv Table is already up to date
mysql.time_zone Table is already up to date
mysql.time_zone_leap_second Table is already up to date
mysql.time_zone_name Table is already up to date
mysql.time_zone_transition Table is already up to date
mysql.time_zone_transition_type Table is already up to date
mysql.user Table is already up to date
sriram.sriram_table Table is already up to date
sys.sys_config Table is already up to date
root@osboxes:~#
Just Kidding !!! Its not Hacking, this is known as WEB-SCRAPING using the Powerful Python.
What is web scraping?
Web scraping is the process of using bots to extract content and data from a website. Unlike screen scraping, which only copies pixels displayed onscreen, web scraping extracts underlying HTML code and, with it, data stored in a database.
You just need a Browser, Simple & a small Python Code to get the content from the Web. First Lets see the Parts of the Code and Verify.
Step 1 : Install & Load the Python Modules
import time
import os
import pandas as pd
import requests
from lxml import etree
import random
import urllib.request, urllib.error, urllib.parse
import urllib.parse
import sys
import urllib.request
import string
Step 2: Define function to get the Name of the Site/Blog to Make it as a Folder.
Download and Ship the Bundle/RPM and its dependencies to the Server and Install as RPM /Yum Local Install. i.e. either using yum Or rpm -ivh <RPM_NAME>
[root@localhost mysql_binaries]# yum localinstall mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-* mysql-5.*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Examining mysql-community-server-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-server-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-server-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Examining mysql-community-client-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-client-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-client-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Examining mysql-community-common-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-common-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-common-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Examining mysql-community-libs-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-libs-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-libs-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Examining mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Skipping: mysql-5.*, filename does not end in .rpm.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 will be obsoleted
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 will be obsoleting
---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 will be obsoleting
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.9-1.el7 /mysql-community-client-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 109 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.9-1.el7 /mysql-community-common-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 2.4 M
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.9-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 9.8 M
replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.9-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 9.2 M
replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.9-1.el7 /mysql-community-server-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 649 M
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 5 Packages
Total size: 779 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 1/6
Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 2/6
Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 3/6
Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 4/6
Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 5/6
Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 6/6
Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 1/6
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 5/6
Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 6/6
Installed:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7
Replaced:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
Complete!
Enable MySQL Service using "service mysqld start"
Get the Temporary root password from /var/log/mysqld.log.
You can either change the Password using ALTER USER Or by Running Secure Installation option. i.e. mysql_secure_installation
[root@localhost mysql_binaries]# mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root:
Error: Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@localhost mysql_binaries]# mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root:
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
New password:
Re-enter new password:
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n
... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
All done!
You can Check the Installed Version By running the following
mysql> create database sriram;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use sriram;
Database changed
mysql> create table sriram_table (id int, name varchar(200));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> insert into sriram_table values(1,'Sriram');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into sriram_table values(2,'Sriram2');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> insert into sriram_table values(3,'Sriram3');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from sriram_table;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 1 | Sriram |
| 2 | Sriram2 |
| 3 | Sriram3 |
+------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
You can run mysql_upgrade to see the information on update is needed .
mysql_upgrade saves the MySQL version number in a file named mysql_upgrade_info in the data directory. This is used to quickly check whether all tables have been checked for this release so that table-checking can be skipped.
In Our Next Post we See How to Upgrade this to the Latest Using RPM Upgrade Or Using YUM .
Upgrade from MySQL 5.7 to 8.0 is supported. However, upgrade is only supported between General Availability (GA) releases. For MySQL 8.0, it is required that you upgrade from a MySQL 5.7 GA release (5.7.9 or higher). Upgrades from non-GA releases of MySQL 5.7 are not supported.
Upgrading to the latest release is recommended before upgrading to the next version. For example, upgrade to the latest MySQL 5.7 release before upgrading to MySQL 8.0.
Upgrade that skips versions is not supported. For example, upgrading directly from MySQL 5.6 to 8.0 is not supported.
Once a release series reaches General Availability (GA) status, upgrade within the release series (from one GA version to another GA version) is supported. For example, upgrading from MySQL 8.0.x to 8.0.y is supported. (Upgrade involving development-status non-GA releases is not supported.) Skipping a release is also supported. For example, upgrading from MySQL 8.0.x to 8.0.z is supported. MySQL 8.0.11 is the first GA status release within the MySQL 8.0 release series.
[root@localhost mysql_binaries]# yum localinstall mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Examining mysql-community-server-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-server-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-server-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm as an update to mysql-community-server-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
Examining mysql-community-server-debug-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-server-debug-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-server-debug-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Examining mysql-community-client-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-client-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-client-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm as an update to mysql-community-client-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
Examining mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Examining mysql-community-common-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-common-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-common-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm as an update to mysql-community-common-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
Examining mysql-community-libs-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-libs-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-libs-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm as an update to mysql-community-libs-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
Examining mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm as an update to mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 will be an update
---> Package mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 will be an update
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 will be an update
---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 will be an update
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.9-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 will be an update
---> Package mysql-community-server-debug.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-community-client-plugins x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 /mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 14 M
mysql-community-server-debug x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 /mysql-community-server-debug-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 115 M
Updating:
mysql-community-client x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 /mysql-community-client-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 71 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 /mysql-community-common-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 9.9 M
mysql-community-libs x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 7.6 M
mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 3.7 M
mysql-community-server x86_64 8.0.30-1.el7 /mysql-community-server-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 241 M
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 2 Packages
Upgrade 5 Packages
Total size: 462 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 1/12
Updating : mysql-community-common-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 2/12
Updating : mysql-community-libs-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 3/12
Updating : mysql-community-client-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 4/12
Updating : mysql-community-server-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 5/12
Installing : mysql-community-server-debug-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 6/12
Updating : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 7/12
Cleanup : mysql-community-server-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 8/12
Cleanup : mysql-community-client-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 9/12
Cleanup : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 10/12
Cleanup : mysql-community-libs-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 11/12
Cleanup : mysql-community-common-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 12/12
Verifying : mysql-community-common-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 1/12
Verifying : mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 2/12
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 3/12
Verifying : mysql-community-client-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 4/12
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 5/12
Verifying : mysql-community-server-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 6/12
Verifying : mysql-community-server-debug-8.0.30-1.el7.x86_64 7/12
Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 8/12
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 9/12
Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 10/12
Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 11/12
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 12/12
Installed:
mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-community-server-debug.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7
Updated:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.30-1.el7
Complete!
This completes the Upgrade from 5.7 to 8.0(Or Latest) Start the Service again and verify.
[root@localhost mysql_binaries]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@localhost mysql_binaries]# service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-10-02 03:54:08 EDT; 4s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 21468 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 21502 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 39
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─21502 /usr/sbin/mysqld
Oct 02 03:53:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Oct 02 03:54:08 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
Note You can also use rpm -Uvh *.rpm to upgrade the Version.
Connect to the Database and verify if there are any errors.
[root@localhost mysql_binaries]# mysql -uroot -p************
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.30 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sriram |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use sriram;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_sriram |
+------------------+
| sriram_table |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from sriram_table;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 1 | Sriram |
| 2 | Sriram2 |
| 3 | Sriram3 |
+------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%version%';
+--------------------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+------------------------------+
| admin_tls_version | TLSv1.2 |
| immediate_server_version | 999999 |
| innodb_version | 8.0.30 |
| original_server_version | 999999 |
| protocol_version | 10 |
| replica_type_conversions | |
| slave_type_conversions | |
| tls_version | TLSv1.2 |
| version | 8.0.30 |
| version_comment | MySQL Community Server - GPL |
| version_compile_machine | x86_64 |
| version_compile_os | Linux |
| version_compile_zlib | 1.2.12 |
+--------------------------+------------------------------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT VERSION();
+-----------+
| VERSION() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.30 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
Since Mysql_upgrade is deprecated and unneeded in Version 8.0.16 and later, you can run mysql_check if needed.
[root@localhost mysql_binaries]# mysql_upgrade -uroot -p
The mysql_upgrade client is now deprecated. The actions executed by the upgrade client are now done by the server.
To upgrade, please start the new MySQL binary with the older data directory. Repairing user tables is done automatically. Restart is not required after upgrade.
The upgrade process automatically starts on running a new MySQL binary with an older data directory. To avoid accidental upgrades, please use the --upgrade=NONE option with the MySQL binary. The option --upgrade=FORCE is also provided to run the server upgrade sequence on demand.
It may be possible that the server upgrade fails due to a number of reasons. In that case, the upgrade sequence will run again during the next MySQL server start. If the server upgrade fails repeatedly, the server can be started with the --upgrade=MINIMAL option to start the server without executing the upgrade sequence, thus allowing users to manually rectify the problem.
Option 2: Follow the Below steps to Complete the Upgrade Steps
Take a backup of all the Databases & Parameter /Variable Values assigned.
Stop the Service.
Remove the Installed Old Version RPM by running rpm -qa mysql* and rpm -e <RPM_LIST>
Install the Latest Version
Restore the Backup from above
Add and Apply variable as before as supported
Conclusion : We have successfully completed the MySQL Community Server Version Upgrade on a standalone Server from 5.7 to 8.0.30
In this Post, lets see how to Install Docker CE . I am using Oracle Linux Server 8.6 (Free Instance Offered by Oracle Cloud) .
Docker lets you build, test, and deploy applications quickly, Docker is a software platform that allows you to build, test, and deploy applications quickly. Docker packages software into standardized units called containers that have everything the software needs to run including libraries, system tools, code, and runtime. Using Docker, you can quickly deploy and scale applications into any environment and know your code will run.
Docker Compose is a tool that was developed to help define and share multi-container applications. With Compose, we can create a YAML file to define the services and with a single command, can spin everything up or tear it all down.
The big advantage of using Compose is you can define your application stack in a file, keep it at the root of your project repo (it’s now version controlled), and easily enable someone else to contribute to your project. Someone would only need to clone your repo and start the compose app
Note : If there is no repo available in your OS, try adding EPEL repo and Try again.
[root@certbot conf.d]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
Lets Install Docker Compose as follows
[root@certbot conf.d]# curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.23.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o docker-compose
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0
100 11.2M 100 11.2M 0 0 44.9M 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 44.9M
[root@certbot conf.d]# mv docker-compose /usr/local/bin && sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@certbot conf.d]# docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.23.2, build 1110ad01
docker-py version: 3.6.0
CPython version: 3.6.7
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0f 25 May 2017
[root@certbot conf.d]#
Add user to docker group (if not already added)
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
2. create a symbolic link to /usr/bin using the following command
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
3. Restart docker service
$ sudo service docker restart
Lets see the Available Commands with Docker help, We can discuss more on these commands in the Next Part
See 'docker --help'.
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
app* Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
builder Manage builds
buildx* Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.7.1-docker)
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
context Manage contexts
image Manage images
manifest Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
scan* Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.12.0)
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/
One can Install Apache and Nginx using YUM Or DNF in the Selected Unix flavor whereas by default it is a non-secure sub-domain when you access.
Lets encrypt offers free SSL which can be configured to get the SSL for your domain irrespective of Private Or Public Domains. In case of Private Domains , you just need to add a text Entry to Pass the Validations.
For this I am using Oracle Cloud Instance(Always Free).
As its the Initial Login after Instance provision , run the yum update and Install Apache and/or Nginx as per your choice.
Run Yum Update and make sure everything updated without any issues.
Install Apache-httpd using yum repo.
Try Access the IP/Hostname to see the Installed Apache Default Page.
Install Nginx using Yum
Try to Access Nginx from the Browser
Enable EPEL Repo to Configure Snap and Certbot
Enable the Socket and run the below to Install certbot ,
systemctl enable --now snapd.socket
ln -s /var/lib/snapd/snap /snap
snap install certbot --classic
Restart your session to get the Certbot ,You can Configure SSL for Nginx Or Apache as below, Add an Entry in you domain controller for your IP matching with the Host Name Configured.
Adding Domain Entry for the HostName
You can Either Configure SSL and Install Or Choose the certonly Option to Get the Certificates only, you can configure your SSL.conf as per your webserver configuration Also In case , your System is not internet facing, You can choose the Preferred Challenges as either http or DNS You can review the Supported Challenged here https://letsencrypt.org/docs/challenge-types/
Swap space in Linux is used when the amount of physical memory (RAM) is full. If the system needs more memory resources and the RAM is full, inactive pages in memory are moved to the swap space.
Swap space can be a dedicated swap partition (recommended), a swap file, or a combination of swap partitions and swap files.
We can Create Swap file and make use of it as described below .
Step 1: Create a file with required size
To create the file we need to use dd command as root user .
I am adding 64G of Swap to my server so the count is 67108864 (1024 * 1024 * 64)
My Experiences with Databases 